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eTeacherChinese Official Newsletter
Issue #48 - 09/10
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Xu Ying

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Tian’anmen

 

Tian’anmen is situated on the north-south axle in central Beijing. With Chang’an Boulevard - a boulevard running across its front, Tian’anmen Gate is not only connected with, but also stays aloof from other architectural objects in the square. As the main gate of the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and a symbol of contemporary Beijing and China, Tian’anmen has experienced the vicissitudes of historyTian’anmen.

On visiting Beijing, every tourist, from either home or abroad, cannot help being greatly impressed by the magnificence of Tian’anmen Gate and the astounding atmosphere of the entire square. As Beijing’s popular scenic spot, Tian’anmen Gate, Tian’anmen Square and all the architectural structures there are viewed as messengers of Chinese culture, by a growing number of Chinese and foreign tourists.

 
 
Tian’anmen Square

 

Tian’anmen Square Like the Red Square in Moscow, the Arc De Triomphe in Paris and the Washington Monument, Tian’anmen Square is the architectural icon of Beijing. It was named “the largest public square in the world”, at the “World Tourism" exhibition in Beijing in 1992. Millions of tourists are attracted to the square by its long history and splendid appearance, and it has become the very image of Beijing’s charm to its many visitors.

Located on the central axle of Beijing, Tian’anmen Square begins from the northern red wall, reaches Zhengyangmen Gate Tower, or Front Gate, in the south and the Great Hall of the People in the west, and includes the Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of Chinese Revolution in the east. It is 80 meters from north to south, and 500 meters from east to west, and has a total area of 440,000 square meters. As many as one million people can gather here at one time. It has witnessed the magnificent sight of the founding ceremony of the PRC and National Day military parades, and is the witness of every great leap forward by the country.

 
Flag-Raising and Flag-Lowering Ceremonies

 

Since May 1, 1991, regulations issued by the Beijing municipality began to be enforced. They stipulate that on the first, 11th and 21st day of each

month and on important national festivals (such as New Year’s Day, Spring Festival, International Labor Day, the founding day of the Party, Army Day and National Day), flag-raising and flag-lowering ceremonies are to be held and the national anthem is to be played by the military band. On other days, ceremonies shall also take place and a recording of the national anthem is to be played. Since then, the flag-raising and flag-lowering ceremony has become a favorite event for both domestic and foreign tourists.

Flag-Raising and Flag-Lowering Ceremonies

 
Monument to the People’s Heroes

 

Monument to the People’s Heroes Located to the south of the five-star red flag of Tian’anmen Square, there stands a monument, which was erected in memory of the people’s heroes, who sacrificed their lives for the revolution between 1840 and 1949. The monument was designed by Liang Sicheng and construction began on August 1st 1952. It was completed in April 1958. Made from 17,000 pieces of granite and white marble, it is 37.94 meters in height and covers an area of 3,000 sq. meters. Constructed from a complete piece of granite, the main part of the monument is 14.7 meters long, 2.9 meters wide, one meter thick and weighs 103 tons. It stands upright and stately at the center of the square, 440 meters away from the wall base of the square. Directly facing Tian’anmen Gate, eight gilded characters written by the late Chairman Mao are inscribed at the center of the tablet: Immortality to the People’s Heroes.
 
Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao

 

The great Leader, Chairman Mao, passed away on Sept. 9, 1976. The central government was determined to build a memorial hall to preserve Chairman Mao’s body.

Located between the monument to the  People’s Heroes and Zhengyangmen Gate, the memorial hall faces north, opposite Tian’anmen Gate. The foundations were laid on Nov. 24 1976 and the hall was completed the following May. Covering an area of 28,000 sq. meters, the hall is supported by 44 octagonal granite pillars. Two groups of 8.7- meter-high carvings have been erected in the courtyard. The grand architecture embodies the greatness of Chairman Mao.

Memorial Hall of Chairman Mao

 
Great Hall

 

Great Hall Great Hall, located to the west of Tiananmen Square, and to the south of West Chang'an Avenue, is an important place for various political activities held by the party, the state, and the organizations of all nationalities. It also plays the role of venue for China's state leaders and the people at political, diplomatic, and cultural events. Great Hall sits at the west and faces the east; from north to south it is 336 meters, and from east to west 206 meters; it is 46.5 meters high, and covers an area of 150,000 square meters. The construction area of 171,800 square meters is larger than that of all the buildings of the Forbidden City. The building was initially constructed in Oct. 1958 and was completed in Sept. 1959 - the whole construction period was a miracle - less than 11 months. Now it serves as the important meeting place for the annual National People's Congress, CPPCC and the five-year term of the Chinese Communist Party National Congress. It is also a hot spot that attracts thousands of tourists.
 
Words & Phrases

 

 

Chinese Transcription Part of speech Meaning
天安门 tiān ān mén Noun Tian’anmen
广场 ɡuánɡ chǎnɡ Noun square
升旗 shēnɡ qí Noun,Verb flag-raising
降旗 jiànɡ qí Noun,Verb flag-lowering
典礼 dián lǐ Noun ceremony
人民英雄纪念碑 rén mín yīnɡ xiónɡjì niàn bēi Noun Monument to the People’s Heroes
纪念堂 jì niàn tánɡ Noun Memorial Hall
毛主席 máo zhǔ xí Noun Chairman Mao
人民大会堂 rén mín dà huì tánɡ Noun Great Hall
 
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