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eTeacherChinese Official Newsletter
Issue #73 - 09/11
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Xu Ying

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Chinese Cuisines

 

The development and diversity of Chinese cuisine is also representative of China’s long history. With each dynasty new recipes were created until the art of food preparation reached its peak during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The dinner called Man Han Quan Xi that incorporates all the very best of Man and Han Cuisine is held in high esteem involving as it does countless dishes, each with its own distinctive flavor and appeal. This veritable banquet in its preparation and presentation typifies all of the culture and culinary arts that have been perfected over centuries and is a comprehensive amalgam of tastes, instruments and manners.

It is said without exaggeration that Chinese cuisine is dainty, in its items, esthetics, atmosphere and effects.

The diversity of geography, climate, costumes and products has led to the evolution of what are called the “Four Flavors” and “Eight Cuisines”. But as catering is a living art, sub-classifications continue to increase. For example in each field of cuisine, adept chefs can utilize something as simple as a melon to create dozens of dishes with dozens of flavors. Meanwhile, local specialties and snacks with their origins steeped in the mists of time are also an important progeny and indicate a profound philosophy and taste. As well as the cuisine of the majority Han people, many minorities have their own fantastic traditions and appeal.

Cuisine in China is a harmonious integration of color, redolence, taste, shape and the fineness of the instruments. For the cooking process, chefs pick choice and various ingredients and seasonings while employing unparalleled complicated skills handed down from their fathers, ever aspiring to their ideal of perfection for all the senses. The methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, simmering and so on. When they finish their masterpieces, they are arranged on a variety of plates and dishes so that it is a real pleasure to appreciate, to smell and ultimately to savor them. The utensil to partake of these delicacies is also distinctive – chopsticks! To see even the smallest child eat with such dexterity is quite amazing for many foreigners. The use of two simple sticks in this way is an art itself and chopsticks have determined the way in which Chinese food is presented at table.

Cuisine presents many different occasions from luxury court feasts, fetes, holy sacrificial rites, joyous wedding ceremonies to simple daily meals and snacks. The Excellency of a good cook is to provide a wholesome and satisfactory dish to suit the occasion.

 
The Eight Cuisines

 

Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the Eight Cuisines. These are as follows: Shandong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine and Anhui Cuisine. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines which are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. The essential factors that establish the form of a genre are complex and include history, cooking features, geography, climate, resources and lifestyles. Cuisines form different regions are so distinctive that sometimes despite the fact that two areas are geographical neighbors their styles are completely alien.

Shandong Cuisine: Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine. Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shandong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shandong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. 
Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 
Typical Courses: Bird’s Nest Soup; The Yellow River Carp in Sweet and Sour Sauce.
Sichuan Cuisine: Sichuan Cuisine is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients,
while frying, frying without oil, pickling and braising
are applied as basic cooking techniques. Typical Courses: Hot Pot; Kung Pap Chicken; Twice Cooked Pork; Mapo Doufu.
 
Guangdong Cuisine (Cantonese Cuisine): Tasting clear, light, crisp and fresh, Guangdong cuisine, familiar to Westerners, usually chooses raptors and beasts to produce originative dishes. Its basic cooking techniques include roasting, stir-frying, sautéing, deep-frying, braising, stewing and steaming. Among them steaming and stir-frying are more commonly applied to preserve the natural flavor. 
Guangdong chefs also pay much attention to the artistic presentation of dishes. 
Typical Courses
: Shark’s Fin Soup; Steamed Sea Bass; Roasted Piglet
Fujian Cuisine: Consisting of Fuzhou Cuisine, Quanzhou Cuisine and Xiamen Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine is distinguished for its choice seafood, beautiful color and magic taste of sweet, sour, salty and savory. The most distinct features are their “pickled taste”. Typical Courses: Buddha Jumping over the Wall; Snow Chicken; Prawn with Dragon’s Body and Phoenix’s tail.
 
 
Jiangsu Cuisine: Jiangsu Cuisine, also called Huaiyang Cuisine, is popular in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Aquatics, as the main ingredients, stress the freshness of materials. Its carving techniques are delicate, of which the melon carving technique is especially well known. Cooking techniques consist of stewing, braising, roasting, simmering, etc. The flavor of Huaiyang Cuisine is light, fresh and sweet and with delicate elegance. 
 
Typical Courses: Stewed Crab with Clear Soup, Long-boiled and Dry-shredded Meat, Three sets of ducks, Crystal Meat, and Squirrel with Mandarin Fish.
 
Zhejiang Cuisine: Local cuisines of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shaoxing, Zhejiang Cuisine, not greasy, wins its reputation for freshness, tenderness, softness, smoothness of its dishes with mellow fragrance. Hangzhou Cuisine is the most famous one among the three.
Typical Courses: Sour West Lake Fish, Longjing Shelled Shrimp, Beggar’s Chicken.
Hunan Cuisine: Hunan cuisine consists of local Cuisines of Xiangjiang Region, Dongting Lake and Xiangxi coteau. It is characterized by thick and pungent flavor. Chili, pepper and shallot are usually necessaries in this division. 
Typical Courses: Dong’an Chick; Peppery and Hot Chick.
 
Anhui Cuisine: Anhui Cuisine chefs focus with much more attention on the temperature in cooking and are good at braising and stewing. Often hams will be added to improve taste and sugar candy added to gain freshness.
Typical Courses: Braised Turtle with Ham; Fuliji Grilled Chicken.
 
 
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